已经
yǐ jīng · already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
先抓住这个知识点的感觉
“已经”是HSK3-4 表达场景中需要重点掌握的表达。学习时不要只背翻译，要同时掌握使用对象、常见搭配和语气。
English: This card teaches “已经” through context, examples, usage notes, common mistakes, and practice. Core meaning: already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
字源与基础信息
yǐ jīng
词汇卡 · already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
“已经”的核心是："已经"表示某件事情在说话之前就已经发生或完成了。。本卡把它放回HSK3-4 表达场景中，通过例句、辨析和练习帮助学生真正会用。
English: This card teaches “已经” through context, examples, usage notes, common mistakes, and practice. Core meaning: already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
拆字理解
例句
搭配表格
| 常用搭配 | 用途 | 例句 | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 已经 + 动词 + 了 | 动作已完成 | 我已经吃饭了。 | already did something |
| 已经到/到了 | 已经到达 | 他已经到学校了。 | already arrived |
| 已经会 | 能力已达到 | 我已经会写这个字。 | already can do something |
| 已经很 + 形容词 | 状态已达到 | 你的汉语已经很好了。 | already quite... |
近义辨析
| 词语 | 英文解释 | 区别提示 | English note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 已经 | already (something has happened before the time of speaking) | 本卡核心表达，先掌握真实语境和常用搭配。 | This is the core expression of this card. Master its real context and common collocations first. |
语用提示
场景定位
先判断“已经”在HSK3-4 表达场景里解决什么问题：点名对象、表达态度、提出请求，还是说明结果。
English note: First identify what this expression does in context: naming an object, expressing attitude, making a request, or describing a result.
核心意义
把“已经”和整句一起理解，不只背英文翻译。重点观察它前后常跟什么词。
English note: Understand the expression inside the whole sentence, not only through an English translation. Notice the words that usually come before and after it.
输出练习
先跟读 4 个例句，再换一个人、地点或动作，用“已经”说自己的句子。
English note: Repeat the four examples first, then change the person, place, or action and make your own sentence.
常见偏误
错：把“已经”用在任何场景。
对：先判断对象和语境，再使用“已经”。
词语和语法都有固定语境，不能只按英文直译。
Avoid “把“已经”用在任何场景。”. A more natural form is “先判断对象和语境，再使用“已经”。”. This card teaches “已经” through context, examples, usage notes, common mistakes, and practice. Core meaning: already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
错：只背“已经”的英文意思。
对：同时记住“已经”的搭配、语序和语气。
学习卡目标是会用，不只是知道翻译。
Avoid “只背“已经”的英文意思。”. A more natural form is “同时记住“已经”的搭配、语序和语气。”. This card teaches “已经” through context, examples, usage notes, common mistakes, and practice. Core meaning: already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
错：说句子时漏掉“已经”前后的必要成分。
对：按照例句观察完整结构，再替换关键词。
完整句子比单个词更能帮助学生掌握真实用法。
Avoid “说句子时漏掉“已经”前后的必要成分。”. A more natural form is “按照例句观察完整结构，再替换关键词。”. This card teaches “已经” through context, examples, usage notes, common mistakes, and practice. Core meaning: already (something has happened before the time of speaking)
词族
练习：识别 → 理解 → 应用 → 创造
A: 你吃饭了吗？B: 我______吃了，谢谢。 A: Have you eaten? B: I've ______ eaten, thanks.
现在______十二点了，你怎么还不睡觉？ It's ______ midnight — why aren't you sleeping yet?
找出错误：已经我做完作业了。 Find the error: "I've already finished my homework."
他______不是学生了，他去年毕业了。 He is ______ no longer a student — he graduated last year.
"已经"通常与"了"连用。 "已经" is usually used together with "了". True or false?
朋友问你要不要一起去看电影，但你已经看过了。你说： A friend asks if you want to see a movie together, but you've already seen it. You say:
他______是一个有名的演员了，很多人都认识他。 He is ______ a famous actor — many people know him.
翻译成中文，用"已经"： "Don't call him — he's already left." （提示：打电话 = call，走了 = left）
下面哪个句子用"已经"最自然？ Which sentence uses 已经 most naturally?
选择最合适的词：A: 你做完作业了吗？B: ______做完了，正在看电视呢。 A: Have you finished your homework? B: ______ finished, watching TV now.
听到或看到“我已经吃饭了。”时，这句话最接近哪个意思？
你要表达“I have already eaten.”，下面哪一句最自然？
根据语境补全：我______吃饭了。
把下面汉字排成一个自然句子。意思提示：He has already arrived at school.
哪一句需要修改？提示：词语和语法都有固定语境，不能只按英文直译。
记忆钩子
把“已经”放进HSK3-4 表达场景记忆：先听例句，再替换人物、地点或动作说自己的句子。
English note: Use this memory hook to connect the expression with a real situation: already (something has happened before the time of speaking).