📖 本课生词 · New Vocabulary (17)
n. 名词
东西
thing; stuff
num. 数量词
一点儿
a little; a bit
n. 名词
苹果
apple
v. 动词
看见
to see; to catch sight of
n. 名词
先生
Mr.; sir; gentleman
v. 动词
开
to drive; to open
n. 名词
车
car; vehicle
v. 动词
回来
to come back; to return
n. 名词
分钟
minute
n. 名词
后
after; later; behind
n. 名词
衣服
clothes; clothing
adj. 形容词
漂亮
beautiful; pretty
intj. 叹词
啊
(modal particle for feeling)
adj. 形容词
少
few; little
adj. 形容词
不少
quite a few; a lot
pron. 代词
这些
these
adv. 副词
都
all; both
💡 例句 · Example Sentences
我买了不少东西。
I bought quite a few things.
我想买一点儿苹果。
I want to buy a few apples.
我看见王先生了。
I saw Mr. Wang.
他开车去商店。
He drives to the store.
十分钟后我回来。
I'll come back in ten minutes.
这件衣服真漂亮啊！
This piece of clothing is so beautiful!
这些东西都很好。
These things are all very good.
Vocabulary quick view
生词速查表
先快速扫一遍词语、词性和意思，需要时点击右侧语音跟读。
| # | 词语 | 拼音 | 词性 | English | 语音 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 东西 | dōngxi | 名 n. | thing; stuff | |
| 2 | 一点儿 | yìdiǎnr | 数量 q. | a little; a bit | |
| 3 | 苹果 | píngguǒ | 名 n. | apple | |
| 4 | 看见 | kànjiàn | 动 v. | to see; to catch sight of | |
| 5 | 先生 | xiānsheng | 名 n. | Mr.; sir; gentleman | |
| 6 | 开 | kāi | 动 v. | to drive; to open | |
| 7 | 车 | chē | 名 n. | car; vehicle | |
| 8 | 回来 | huílái | 动 v. | to come back; to return | |
| 9 | 分钟 | fēnzhōng | 名 n. | minute | |
| 10 | 后 | hòu | 名 n. | after; later; behind | |
| 11 | 衣服 | yīfu | 名 n. | clothes; clothing | |
| 12 | 漂亮 | piàoliang | 形 adj. | beautiful; pretty | |
| 13 | 啊 | a | 助 part. | (modal particle for feeling) | |
| 14 | 少 | shǎo | 形 adj. | few; little | |
| 15 | 不少 | bùshǎo | 形 adj. | quite a few; a lot | |
| 16 | 这些 | zhèxiē | 代 pron. | these | |
| 17 | 都 | dōu | 副 adv. | all; both |
📐 语法点 · Grammar Points (4)
语法 1了 · the particle 了 (occurrence / completion)
了 (le) shows that an action has happened or is completed. It can go at the
end of the sentence, or right after the verb. When 了 follows the verb, the object
usually takes a "marker" — a number (一点儿/三个), an adjective (漂亮的), or a pronoun (这些) — so the
sentence feels complete. The negative form uses 没(有) + verb, and 了 is dropped.
主语 + 动词 + 了 + (数量/修饰) + 宾语
否定：主语 + 没(有) + 动词 + 宾语 (去掉 了)
| 肯定 Affirmative (了) | 否定 Negative (没) |
|---|---|
| 我买了不少东西。 I bought quite a few things. |
我没买东西。 I didn't buy anything. |
| 他喝了一点儿茶。 He drank a little tea. |
他没喝茶。 He didn't drink tea. |
| 我看见王先生了。 I saw Mr. Wang. |
我没看见王先生。 I didn't see Mr. Wang. |
语法 2名词 + 后 · "after / later"
Put 后 (hòu) after a time word or time amount to say "after that time" or "... later".
It points to a moment in the future from now or from the stated time. Common form:
(数量) + 时间词 + 后.
时间 / 时量 + 后 → "after ... / ... later"
十分钟后我回来。
I'll come back in (after) ten minutes.
下课后，我们去买东西。
After class, we'll go shopping.
五天后他回来。
He'll come back in five days.
语法 3语气助词 啊 · the modal particle 啊
啊 (a) goes at the end of a sentence to add feeling — surprise, admiration, or warmth.
In speech, its sound changes depending on the last sound of the word before it, and it is
sometimes written differently. You can still write 啊 in every case; the chart below just
shows how it is pronounced.
前字结尾 -a, -o, -e, -i, -ü
啊 → 呀 ya
真大呀！谁呀？
前字结尾 -u, -ao, -ou
啊 → 哇 wa
真好哇！
前字结尾 -n
啊 → 哪 na
真难哪！
前字结尾 -ng
啊 → 啊 nga
真亮啊！
这件衣服真漂亮啊！
This piece of clothing is so pretty!
你买了这么多东西啊！
Wow, you bought so many things!
语法 4都 · "all / both" (totality)
都 (dōu) means "all / both". The things it sums up must come before 都,
not after. So we say "这些东西都很好", never "都这些东西…". 都 sits right before the verb or
adjective.
(被总括的事物) + 都 + 动词 / 形容词
这些东西都很好。
These things are all very good.
我们都喜欢苹果。
We all like apples.
这些衣服都很漂亮。
These clothes are all very pretty.
💬 对话一 · 在商店买东西 (Shopping)
下午，小明在商店里买东西。Xiǎomíng is shopping in a store in the afternoon.
🧑💼
售货员 Clerk
先生，您想买一点儿什么东西？
Xiānsheng, nín xiǎng mǎi yìdiǎnr shénme dōngxi?
Sir, what would you like to buy?
🧑
小明 Xiaoming
我想买一点儿苹果。
Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìdiǎnr píngguǒ.
I'd like to buy a few apples.
🧑💼
售货员 Clerk
这些苹果都很好，很漂亮啊！
Zhèxiē píngguǒ dōu hěn hǎo, hěn piàoliang a!
These apples are all good and look so nice!
🧑
小明 Xiaoming
好，我要这些。这件衣服也很漂亮。
Hǎo, wǒ yào zhèxiē. Zhè jiàn yīfu yě hěn piàoliang.
OK, I'll take these. This piece of clothing is pretty too.
🧑💼
售货员 Clerk
您买了不少东西啊！
Nín mǎi le bùshǎo dōngxi a!
You've bought quite a few things!
💬 对话二 · 开车回来 (Driving back)
小明的妈妈给他打电话。Xiaoming's mother calls him on the phone.
👩
妈妈 Mom
小明，你看见爸爸了吗？
Xiǎomíng, nǐ kànjiàn bàba le ma?
Xiaoming, did you see Dad?
🧑
小明 Xiaoming
我没看见他。他开车去商店了。
Wǒ méi kànjiàn tā. Tā kāi chē qù shāngdiàn le.
I didn't see him. He drove to the store.
👩
妈妈 Mom
他什么时候回来？
Tā shénme shíhou huílái?
When will he come back?
🧑
小明 Xiaoming
二十分钟后他回来。
Èrshí fēnzhōng hòu tā huílái.
He'll be back in twenty minutes.
👩
妈妈 Mom
好。你买了东西吗？
Hǎo. Nǐ mǎi le dōngxi ma?
OK. Did you buy anything?
🧑
小明 Xiaoming
买了！苹果、衣服……这些都买了，只有一点儿少的没买。
Mǎi le! Píngguǒ, yīfu…… zhèxiē dōu mǎi le, zhǐyǒu yìdiǎnr shǎo de méi mǎi.
Yes! Apples, clothes... I bought all these, only a few small things I didn't buy.
✏️ 课堂练习 · Exercises
做完每道题，点击选项或"检查"按钮看结果。Answer each question, then click an option or "Check".
一、选择正确的答案 · Choose the correct answer
1我买（ ）不少东西。
2这些苹果（ ）很漂亮。
3十分钟（ ）我回来。
4我（ ）看见王先生。(I didn't see Mr. Wang.)
二、填空 · Fill in the blank (pinyin or 汉字)
5这件衣服真漂亮（ ）！(modal particle for feeling)
6他开（ ）去商店了。(He drove to the store.)
7二十（ ）后他回来。(He comes back in 20 minutes.)
三、连词成句 · Put the words in order
8组成正确的句子：(I bought quite a few things.)
9组成正确的句子：(These apples are all very pretty.)
四、判断对错 · True or False
10"都" 应该放在被总括的事物前面。
("都" should be placed before the things it sums up.)
("都" should be placed before the things it sums up.)
⭐ 本课小结 · Lesson Summary
Stroke order
生词笔顺展示
需要练写时再展开。展开后才会加载笔顺组件和汉字数据，平时不会拖慢页面。
生词 Vocabulary (17)
东西一点儿苹果
看见先生开
车回来分钟
后衣服漂亮
啊少不少
这些都
语法 Grammar (4)
- 了：动作发生 / 完成；否定用 没（去掉了）。
- 名词 + 后：表示某时间之后 ("after / later")。
- 语气助词 啊：句末表感情，读音随前字变化。
- 都：表总括 "all"，事物放在 都 前面。
学习小贴士 Study Tips
- "了" 放在动词后时，宾语常带数量或修饰语，如 "买了一点儿苹果"。
- 说 "啊" 时注意变音：漂亮啊(a)、好哇(wa)、谁呀(ya)。
- 记住语序：事物 + 都 + 动词/形容词，不要说 "都这些…"。
- "分钟/天 + 后" 表示将来的时间点，常用于约定时间。
课程进度 Course Progress · 第十二课