HSK 3 第四课 · 语法精讲

Grammar Point 1 · 语法点一

一

"又……又……" — Both … and … (Dual Adjectives)

Describes a subject having two simultaneous qualities; the two adjectives must share the same positive or negative tone

主语 + 又 + Adj1 + 又 + Adj2
Subject + yòu + Adj1 + yòu + Adj2

例：他们 + 又 + 聪明 + 又 + 努力

📌 English Explanation:
"又……又……" is used to say that a person or thing has two qualities at the same time, equivalent to "both … and …" in English. It adds emphasis by listing two characteristics together.

The subject can be a person, thing, or event.
Both adjectives are placed directly after 又 without any extra words.
Key rule: The two adjectives should share the same sentiment — both positive (褒义) or both negative (贬义). Mixing a positive and a negative adjective in this structure is unusual and sounds unnatural.

核心原则：两个形容词要"同褒同贬"。如果Adj1是正面的（褒义），Adj2也应该是正面的；反之亦然。
Core rule: Both adjectives should share the same emotional tone — both positive OR both negative.

类型 Type	✅ 正确 Correct	❌ 不自然 Unnatural	说明 Note
同褒 Both positive Two praising adjectives	又聪明又热情 yòu cōngming yòu rèqíng "both smart and enthusiastic" ✅	又聪明又懒惰 One positive (smart), one negative (lazy) — sounds contradictory in this structure	聪明(+) and 热情(+) = natural
同褒 Both positive	又年轻又努力 yòu niánqīng yòu nǔlì "both young and hardworking" ✅		年轻(+) and 努力(+) = natural
同贬 Both negative Two criticizing adj.	又贵又难吃 yòu guì yòu nán chī "both expensive and bad-tasting" ✅		贵(–) and 难吃(–) = natural
同褒 Both positive	又高兴又感动 yòu gāoxìng yòu gǎndòng "both happy and moved" ✅	又高兴又伤心 Logically contradictory in most contexts — better to avoid in 又…又…	Emotional words can sometimes mix when context explains them

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1各年级的选手在比赛，表现得又认真又努力，赢得了大家的掌声。

gè nián jí de xuǎn shǒu zài bǐ sài ， biǎo xiàn dé yòu rèn zhēn yòu nǔ lì ， yíng dé le dà jiā de zhǎng shēng 。

Competitors from all grades competed and performed seriously and hard, winning everyone's applause.

2年轻的老师性格又热情又耐心，总愿意站着回答学生的问题。

nián qīng de lǎo shī xìng gé yòu rè qíng yòu nài xīn ， zǒng yuàn yì zhàn zhe huí dá xué shēng de wèn tí 。

The young teacher is enthusiastic and patient, and is always willing to stand and answer students' questions.

3客人们站在桌边吃蛋糕，场面又热闹又温馨，大家又开心又放松。

kè rén men zhàn zài zhuō biān chī dàn gāo ， chǎng miàn yòu rè nào yòu wēn xīn ， dà jiā yòu kāi xīn yòu fàng sōng 。

The guests stood at the table and ate the cake. The scene was lively and warm, and everyone was happy and relaxed.

4比赛结束后大家都饿了，跑去超市买蛋糕，蛋糕又松软又香甜。

bǐ sài jié shù hòu dà jiā dōu è le ， pǎo qù chāo shì mǎi dàn gāo ， dàn gāo yòu sōng ruǎn yòu xiāng tián 。

After the game, everyone was hungry and ran to the supermarket to buy cakes. The cakes were soft and sweet.

5爬山回来，身体又累又舒服，洗完衣服穿上新衬衫很舒服。

pá shān huí lái ， shēn tǐ yòu lèi yòu shū fú ， xǐ wán yī fu chuān shàng xīn chèn shān hěn shū fú 。

I came back from hiking, feeling tired and comfortable. After washing my clothes, I felt comfortable putting on a new shirt.

Grammar Point 2 · 语法点二

二

"V1着（+ O1）+ V2（+ O2）" — Concurrent Action Structure

V1着 describes the posture/state in which V2 (the main action) takes place

主语 + V1 + 着（+ O1）+ V2 （+ O2）
Subject + V1 + zhe (+ Object1) + V2 (+ Object2)

例：客人们 + 站 + 着 + 吃 + 蛋糕
例：老师 + 笑 + 着 + 回答 + 问题

📌 English Explanation:
In this structure, V1着 describes the posture, manner, or accompanying state while V2 is the main/primary action. V1 answers the question "HOW is V2 being done?"

V1着 = the secondary action / state (manner) — always a physical posture or accompanying action
V2 = the primary action — what the subject is actually doing
The two verbs happen simultaneously, but V2 is the focus
Common V1着 verbs: 站着, 坐着, 笑着, 拿着, 举着, 跑着, 哭着, 听着

V1着 · Secondary / State

站着

Posture: standing
(how V2 is done)

+

V2 · Primary / Main Action

吃蛋糕

Main action: eating cake
(what they're doing)

→ 客人们站着吃蛋糕 = "The guests eat cake while standing" (standing is the manner; eating is the focus)

V1着 (state/manner)	V2 (main action)	完整句 Full Sentence	英文含义 Meaning
站着 zhàn zhe standing	聊天 liáotiān	他们站着聊天。	They chat while standing.
坐着 zuò zhe sitting	聊天 liáotiān	他们坐着聊天。	They chat while sitting.
笑着 xiào zhe smiling	回答问题 huídá wèntí	老师笑着回答问题。	The teacher answers questions with a smile.
拿着照片 ná zhe holding a photo	说笑 shuōxiào	他们拿着照片说笑。	They laugh and talk while holding photos.
跑着 pǎo zhe running	去超市 qù chāoshì	他跑着去超市。	He runs to the supermarket.

⚠️ 注意顺序：V1着一定在 V2 前面！
✅ 他站着回答问题。（V1着 → V2: correct order）
❌ 他回答问题站着。（V2 → V1着: grammatically wrong）

Also: When V1着 has its own object, the object immediately follows 着:
✅ 她拿着照片说话。（V1 = 拿, O1 = 照片, V2 = 说话）
❌ 她拿照片着说话。（incorrect — 着 must follow the verb directly）

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1老师总是笑着回答学生的问题，又热情又认真，很受大家喜欢。

lǎo shī zǒng shì xiào zhe huí dá xué shēng de wèn tí ， yòu rè qíng yòu rèn zhēn ， hěn shòu dà jiā xǐ huan 。

The teacher always answers students' questions with a smile, is enthusiastic and serious, and is very popular with everyone.

2客人们举着照片聊天，站着分享趣事，聚会又热闹又温馨。

kè rén men jǔ zhe zhào piàn liáo tiān ， zhàn zhe fēn xiǎng qù shì ， jù huì yòu rè nào yòu wēn xīn 。

Guests held up photos and chatted, standing and sharing interesting stories. The party was lively and warm.

3李明举着比赛的照片，坐着听年轻老师讲课，学习态度很认真。

lǐ míng jǔ zhe bǐ sài de zhào piàn ， zuò zhe tīng nián qīng lǎo shī jiǎng kè ， xué xí tài dù hěn rèn zhēn 。

Li Ming held up photos of the competition and sat listening to the young teacher's lectures, with a very serious attitude towards learning.

4课堂上李明站起来回答问题，声音又大又清楚，努力表现自己。

kè táng shàng lǐ míng zhàn qǐ lái huí dá wèn tí ， shēng yīn yòu dà yòu qīng chǔ ， nǔ lì biǎo xiàn zì jǐ 。

Li Ming stood up to answer questions in class, his voice was loud and clear, and he tried hard to express himself.

5爸爸坐着看报纸，妈妈站着整理房间。

bà ba zuò zhe kàn bào zhǐ ， mā ma zhàn zhe zhěng lǐ fáng jiān 。

Dad sits while reading the newspaper, and Mom stands while tidying the room.

Summary · 语法总结

#	语法点	结构公式	功能/要点
1	又…又…	又 + Adj1 + 又 + Adj2	同时具备两个特点；两形容词感情色彩须一致（同褒或同贬）
2	V1着 + V2	站着 + 吃蛋糕	V1着表伴随姿态（次要）；V2是主要动作；顺序不可颠倒

第四课：又聪明又热情Lesson 4: They Are Both Smart and Enthusiastic

第四课：又聪明又热情
Lesson 4: They Are Both Smart and Enthusiastic