Module 03 · 语法精讲

第三课：桌子上：新鲜的水果
Lesson 3: There Are Fresh Fruits on the Table

3个语法点 · 每点含公式 + 规则 + 细分规则 + 4个以上例句 · 含对比表格

Grammar Point 1 · 语法点一

一
"还是" vs "或者" — Two Ways to Express "Or"
还是 is used in questions; 或者 is used in statements
疑问句 Question: A + 还是 + B + ？
陈述句 Statement: A + 或者 + B（+ 都行/都可以）
📌 Core Rule:
Both 还是 and 或者 mean "or," but they are used in completely different sentence types:
• 还是 — ONLY in questions (including embedded question clauses). It presents two options and asks the listener to choose one.
• 或者 — ONLY in statements/declarations. It lists alternatives without expecting a specific answer.
📐 "还是" — 用在疑问句中 (Used in Questions)
Pattern: 你想要 A 还是 B？
"你喝茶还是咖啡？" = "Do you want tea or coffee?"
📐 "或者" — 用在陈述句中 (Used in Statements)
Pattern: 你可以 A 或者 B。
"你可以喝茶或者咖啡。" = "You can have tea or coffee." (no specific question)
对比项 Criterion 还是 háishi 或者 huòzhě
句子类型
Sentence type		 疑问句 Question
Must be used in a question		 陈述句 Statement
Must be used in a statement
说话目的
Purpose		 Asks the listener to choose between options; expects a specific answer Lists options for reference; does NOT expect a specific answer
典型结构
Typical structure
A 还是 B？
你吃苹果还是橙子？
"Do you want an apple or an orange?"
A 或者 B（都行）
你可以吃苹果或者橙子。
"You can have an apple or an orange."
❌ 常见错误
Common error		 ❌ 你可以吃苹果还是橙子。
Wrong! This is a statement; use 或者. 		❌ 你吃苹果或者橙子？
Wrong! This is a question; use 还是.
本课例句
From this lesson
去爬山还是去逛街？
"Go hiking or go shopping?"
放着橙汁或者绿茶
"There's orange juice or green tea (in the fridge)."

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1这个周末，你想去爬山还是去逛街买衬衫？
zhè ge zhōu mò ， nǐ xiǎng qù pá shān hái shì qù guàng jiē mǎi chèn shān ？
This weekend, do you want to go hiking or go shopping to buy shirts?
2买衣服时很纠结，这条绿裤子好看，还是深色裤子更合身？
mǎi yī fú shí hěn jiū jié ， zhè tiáo lǜ kù zǐ hǎo kàn ， hái shì shēn sè kù zǐ gèng hé shēn ？
I’m very confused when buying clothes. Do these green trousers look better, or do dark trousers fit better?
3桌上的饮料，你想喝果汁还是汽水？都挺新鲜的。
zhuō shàng de yǐn liào ， nǐ xiǎng hē guǒ zhī hái shì qì shuǐ ？ dōu tǐng xīn xiān de 。
The drinks on the table, would you like juice or soda? All quite fresh.
4休息时间可以去爬山或者在家休息，都挺舒服。
xiū xi shí jiān kě yǐ qù pá shān huò zhě zài jiā xiū xi ， dōu tǐng shū fú 。
During the rest time, you can go hiking or rest at home, which is quite comfortable.
5零食可以准备面包或者新鲜水果，爬山饿了可以吃。
líng shí kě yǐ zhǔn bèi miàn bāo huò zhě xīn xiān shuǐ guǒ ， pá shān è le kě yǐ chī 。
You can prepare bread or fresh fruit for snacks, and you can eat them when you are hungry while hiking.

Grammar Point 2 · 语法点二

二
存在句 "地点 + 动词着 + 数量词 + 名词" — Existence Sentences
Describes the static existence of something at a location
肯定式 Positive: 地点/方位 + 动词 + 着 + 数量词 + 名词
例：桌子上 + 放 + 着 + 一盘 + 水果

否定式 Negative: 地点/方位 + 没 + 动词 + 着 + 名词（无量词）
例：冰箱里 + 没 + 放 + 着 + 饮料
📌 English Explanation:
The existence sentence describes what is present at a given location in a static state. The structure always starts with the place/location, then the verb + 着, then the object. Common verbs: 放 (place), 写 (write), 坐 (sit), 住 (live), 挂 (hang), 站 (stand).
📐 规则 A — 肯定式 Positive Form
The noun must be indefinite (one/some/several — not "this" or "that specific one").
✅ 桌子上放着一杯水 （indefinite: "a cup of water"）
❌ 桌子上放着那杯水 （definite: "that cup of water" — incorrect for existence sentences）
📐 规则 B — 否定式 Negative Form
Use 没 before the verb. In the negative form, the quantity word is dropped from the object.
✅ 桌子上没放着水果。（NOT: 没放着一盘水果）
The object becomes a general noun without a measure word.
⚠️ 否定时注意：量词（一盘、几瓶）必须去掉！
✅ 冰箱里没放着饮料。（correct negative）
❌ 冰箱里没放着几瓶饮料。（incorrect — keep no measure word in negative）

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1客厅桌子上放着一盘新鲜的水果，看着就有食欲。
kè tīng zhuō zi shàng fàng zhe yì pán xīn xiān de shuǐ guǒ ， kàn zhe jiù yǒu shí yù 。
There is a plate of fresh fruit on the table in the living room, which makes you appetizing.
2冰箱里放着几瓶冰镇饮料，有橙汁和绿茶。
bīng xiāng lǐ fàng zhe jǐ píng bīng zhèn yǐn liào ， yǒu chéng zhī hé lǜ chá 。
There are several bottles of iced drinks in the refrigerator, including orange juice and green tea.
3阳台窗台上放着几盆绿色的小花，看着很舒服。
yáng tái chuāng tái shàng fàng zhe jǐ pén lǜ sè de xiǎo huā ， kàn zhe hěn shū fú 。
There are several pots of green flowers placed on the balcony window sill, which looks very comfortable.
4卧室椅子上放着一条裤子或者一件衬衫，记得爬山前收好。
wò shì yǐ zi shàng fàng zhe yì tiáo kù zǐ huò zhě yí jiàn chèn shān ， jì de pá shān qián shōu hǎo 。
There is a pair of pants or a shirt placed on the chair in the bedroom. Remember to put it away before climbing.
5厨房柜子里没放新鲜水果，想吃只能出去买。
chú fáng guì zi lǐ méi fàng xīn xiān shuǐ guǒ ， xiǎng chī zhǐ néng chū qù mǎi 。
There was no fresh fruit in the kitchen cupboard, so I had to go out and buy it if I wanted to eat it.

Grammar Point 3 · 语法点三

三
助动词"会" — Modal Verb Expressing Possibility
Used to predict or infer that something might happen (not yet occurred)
主语 + 会 + 动词/形容词 + （吗/的/呢）
Subject + huì + verb/adj. (expressing prediction or inference)

否定: 主语 + 不会 + 动词/形容词
📌 English Explanation:
In this usage, 会 expresses possibility or prediction about something that has not yet happened. It is based on reasoning, evidence, or past patterns — like "will/might/should" in English when used for inference.

Do NOT confuse this with 会 meaning "can/know how to" (a learned skill). Compare:
• Skill: 他会说中文。"He can speak Chinese." (learned ability)
• Prediction: 天阴了，会下雨。"The sky is overcast; it might rain." (inference)

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1天上有乌云，明天可能会下雨，爬山走路要小心。
tiān shàng yǒu wū yún ， míng tiān kě néng huì xià yǔ ， pá shān zǒu lù yào xiǎo xīn 。
There are dark clouds in the sky and it may rain tomorrow. Be careful when climbing and walking.
2新鲜水果放久了就不甜了，今天吃还是明天吃要想好。
xīn xiān shuǐ guǒ fàng jiǔ le jiù bù tián le ， jīn tiān chī hái shì míng tiān chī yào xiǎng hǎo 。
Fresh fruit loses its sweetness after being stored for a long time, so you have to decide whether to eat it today or tomorrow.
3浅色衬衫洗不好会变色，记得用冷水洗。
qiǎn sè chèn shān xǐ bù hǎo huì biàn sè ， jì de yòng lěng shuǐ xǐ 。
Light-colored shirts will change color if not washed well, so remember to wash them in cold water.
4每天吃水果、喝饮料，身体会越来越健康舒服。
měi tiān chī shuǐ guǒ 、 hē yǐn liào ， shēn tǐ huì yuè lái yuè jiàn kāng shū fú 。
Eat fruits and drink drinks every day, and your body will become healthier and more comfortable.
5天气这么阴，下午可能会下雨。
tiān qì zhè me yīn ， xià wǔ kě néng huì xià yǔ 。
The weather is so cloudy that it may rain this afternoon.

Summary · 语法总结

# 语法点 结构公式 功能
1 还是 / 或者 问：A还是B？/ 说：A或者B 还是用于疑问句；或者用于陈述句
2 存在句 V着 地点+放着+数量+名词 描述某处存在某物（否定时无量词）
3 助动词"会" 会+V（预测尚未发生） 表示可能性或预测推断
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