"除了…以外，都…" expresses that EXCEPT FOR one specific person/thing, ALL OTHERS share the same situation. The key word is 都 (all/both), which signals that the remaining group is complete and uniform. Note: 以外 can be omitted in spoken Chinese — 除了小王，大家都完成了 is equally correct.
修订例句 · Revised Examples
1除了小王请假以外，其他同学都完成了练习。
chú le xiǎo wáng qǐng jià yǐ wài ， qí tā tóng xué dōu wán chéng le liàn xí 。
Except for Xiao Wang who asked for leave, all other students completed the exercises.
2除了最后一道题以外，其他句子我们都做对了。
chú le zuì hòu yí dào tí yǐ wài ， qí tā jù zi wǒ men dōu zuò duì le 。
Except for the last question, we got all the other sentences correct.
3除了周日休息，他每天都花两小时练习中文。
chú le zhōu rì xiū xi ， tā měi tiān dōu huā liǎng xiǎo shí liàn xí zhōng wén 。
He spends two hours every day practicing Chinese except for Sundays.
4除了中文以外，他也了解一点儿其他语言。
chú le zhōng wén yǐ wài ， tā yě liǎo jiě yì diǎn ér qí tā yǔ yán 。
In addition to Chinese, he also knows a few other languages.
5除了小王以外，大家都按时到了教室。
chú le xiǎo wáng yǐ wài ， dà jiā dōu àn shí dào le jiào shì 。
Except for Xiao Wang, everyone arrived at the classroom on time.
"除了…以外，还/也…" expresses that IN ADDITION TO something already known, there is MORE. The key word is 还/也 (also/in addition), which signals that the list is being extended, not exhausted. Subject position: The subject can appear at the beginning of the sentence OR right before 还/也. Both positions are correct.
句式A · Subject First
【主语】除了…以外，还…
Example: 我除了上网，还喜欢发邮件。
句式B · Subject Before 还
除了…以外，【主语】还…
Example: 除了上网，我还喜欢发邮件。
对比项目
除了…以外，都…（排除法）
除了…以外，还/也…（补充法）
逻辑
排除A，其余全部相同 Exclusive: A is excluded, all others share the same
在A基础上，补充更多 Inclusive: A is included, more is added
关键词
都 (all/both) signals completeness of the remaining group
还/也 (also/in addition) signals addition to the existing
例句A
除了小王，大家都完成了。 Except Xiao Wang, everyone finished.
除了看新闻，我还喜欢发邮件。 Besides news, I also like sending emails.
例句B
除了第三题，其他题都做完了。 Except Q3, all other questions are done.
除了中文，他也学过历史。 Besides Chinese, he also studied history.
When "什么" is used as a NON-QUESTION word, it doesn't ask "what?" — instead, it makes the sentence sound more POLITE and INDIRECT. This is very common in Chinese social interactions, especially when making requests or asking if someone needs something. Test: If you can remove 什么 and the basic meaning stays the same, it's being used as a polite indefinite reference.
"极了" (jí le) is a fixed suffix meaning "extremely" or "to the utmost degree." It attaches directly to adjectives or psychological verbs to express the highest possible degree. CRITICAL: You CANNOT add 很/非常/太 before an adjective that already has 极了. The 极了 itself already means "extremely" — adding another degree word would be redundant and grammatically wrong.