第三节

语法讲解

三个语法点 · 含结构图、例句与对比说明

Grammar Point 1

「是……的」强调句
The 是…的 construction — emphasising time, place, manner, or agent of a past action

「是……的」句用于强调已知动作的某个细节(时间、地点、方式、施事者)。动作本身已发生,说话人用这个结构来强调"是在什么情况下"发生的。
The 是…的 pattern emphasises a detail of a known past action — when, where, how, or by whom it happened.

① 强调时间
② 强调地点
③ 强调施事者
④ 强调方式

① 强调时间 — "是在什么时候做的?"

shì
+
时间词Time
+
动词短语Verb phrase
+
de
  • 妈妈晚上七点我办的晚会
    Māma shì zài wǎnshang qī diǎn gěi wǒ bàn de wǎnhuì de.
    It was at 7 p.m. that mum organised the party for me. (emphasising the time)
  • 昨天到他电话
    Wǒ shì zuótiān jiē dào tā diànhuà de.
    It was yesterday that I received his call. (emphasising the time)

② 强调地点 — "是在哪里做的?"

shì
+
在 + 地点Place
+
动词短语Verb phrase
+
de
  • 北京长大
    Tā shì zài Běijīng zhǎng dà de.
    It was in Beijing that she grew up. (emphasising the place)
  • 他们生日晚会上认识
    Tāmen shì zài shēngrì wǎnhuì shàng rènshi de.
    It was at the birthday party that they met.

③ 强调施事者 — "是谁做的?"

shì
+
施事者Agent (who)
+
动词短语Verb phrase
+
de
  • 这个晚会是妈妈给我办
    Zhège wǎnhuì shì māma gěi wǒ bàn de.
    It was mum who organised this party for me. (emphasising who)
  • 小华介绍的朋友。
    Shì Xiǎo Huá bāng wǒ jièshào de péngyǒu.
    It was Xiao Hua who introduced the friend to me.

④ 强调方式 — "是怎么做的?"

shì
+
方式短语How
+
动词Verb
+
de
  • 走路来
    Wǒ shì zǒulù lái de.
    It was by walking that I came. (emphasising how)
  • 在跑步的时候到电话
    Tā shì zài pǎobù de shíhòu jiē dào diànhuà de.
    It was while jogging that he received the call.
⚠️ 「是…的」只用于已发生的事件。如果动作尚未发生,不能用此结构。
他是昨天来的。(他已经来了)
他是明天来的。(他还没来,不能用)→ 应说 他明天来。

Grammar Point 2

时间从句「……的时候」
Temporal clause with 的时候 — "when / at the time of…"

「的时候」加在时间词或动词短语后,构成时间从句,相当于英文 "when…" 或 "at the time of…"。
「的时候」follows a time expression or verb phrase to form a temporal clause meaning "when…"

① 数量 + 的时候
② 动词 + 的时候
③ 时间词 + 的时候

① 数量 + 的时候 — 表示在某个年龄/时期

数量词(岁/年前/…)+ 的时候,主句
Number + (measure) + 的时候, main clause → "when sb was [age/time]…"
  • 两岁的时候,就开始学说话了。
    Tā liǎng suì de shíhòu, jiù kāishǐ xué shuōhuà le.
    When she was two, she had already started learning to speak.
  • 他是两年前介绍的朋友,那时候我们非常高兴。
    Tā shì liǎng nián qián jièshào de péngyǒu, nà shíhòu wǒmen fēicháng gāoxìng.
    He was a friend introduced two years ago; we were extremely happy at that time.

② 动词(短语)+ 的时候 — 表示在做某动作时

动词/动词短语 + 的时候,主句
Verb phrase + 的时候, main clause → "when [doing/being sth]…"
  • 跑步的时候,接到了你的电话。
    Wǒ pǎobù de shíhòu, jiē dào le nǐ de diànhuà.
    When I was jogging, I received your call.
  • 来的时候,我来接你!
    Nǐ lái de shíhòu, wǒ lái jiē nǐ!
    When you arrive, I'll come to meet you!
  • 晚会开始的时候,大家非常快乐。
    Wǎnhuì kāishǐ de shíhòu, dàjiā fēicháng kuàilè.
    When the party started, everyone was extremely happy.

③ 时间词 + 的时候 — 明确时间点

时间词(晚上/早上/那个/…)+ 的时候,主句
Time word + 的时候, main clause → "at the time of [evening/morning/that time]…"
  • 晚上的时候,她给我介绍了一位新朋友。
    Wǎnshang de shíhòu, tā gěi wǒ jièshào le yī wèi xīn péngyǒu.
    In the evening, she introduced a new friend to me.
💡 「的时候」从句可放主句之前或之后:
前置:你来的时候,我来接你。
后置:我来接你,你来的时候(较少见,前置更自然)

Grammar Point 3

时间副词「已经」
The time adverb 已经 (yǐjīng) — already (indicating a completed state)

「已经」是副词,表示动作或状态在说话时已经完成或进入某种状态,常与「了」搭配。
「已经」is an adverb indicating that an action or state has already been completed, often paired with 了.

主语 + 已经 + 动词 +
Subject + 已经 + Verb + 了 → "Subject has already [verb]ed"
  • 晚会已经开始了!快来吧!
    Wǎnhuì yǐjīng kāishǐ le! Kuài lái ba!
    The party has already started! Come quickly!
  • 已经买了礼物,晚上见!
    Wǒ yǐjīng mǎi le lǐwù, wǎnshang jiàn!
    I have already bought the gift — see you tonight!
  • 已经到了,正在等你。
    Tā yǐjīng dào le, zhèngzài děng nǐ.
    He has already arrived and is waiting for you.
  • 大家已经介绍完了,可以吃饭了。
    Dàjiā yǐjīng jièshào wán le, kěyǐ chīfàn le.
    Everyone has already been introduced — we can eat now.
「已经」+ 了(肯定)
晚会已经开始
The party has already started.
✅ 表示状态已完成
「还没」+动词(否定)
晚会还没开始。
The party hasn't started yet.
「已经」的否定 → 「还没(有)」
副词意思例句
已经 yǐjīngalready(动作/状态已完成)已经来了。(He's already here.)
还没 hái méinot yet(动作尚未发生)还没来。(He hasn't come yet.)
gāngjust (recently)(刚刚完成)来。(He just arrived.)
就要 jiùyàoabout to(即将发生)晚会就要开始了。(The party is about to start.)
📝 「已经」的位置:「已经」必须放在动词前,不能放在句末。
已经走了。   ❌ 他走了已经