Module 03 · 语法精讲

第十四课:先打扫房间,再去洗澡
Lesson 14: First Clean the Room, Then Go Take a Bath

2个语法点 · "把"字句带结果/趋向补语 · "先…再/又…然后…"时序对比表格⚠️再vs又警示

Grammar Point 1 · 语法点一

"把"字句高级——带结果补语与趋向补语
Advanced "把" Sentences — With Result Complements & Directional Complements
结果补语:A + 把 + B + 动词 + 结果补语(干净/好/对/错/完)
例:把房间打扫干净 把盘子干净 把作业

趋向补语:A + 把 + B + 动词 + 趋向补语(进…里/出来/回来)
例:把香蕉放进冰箱里 把书拿出来 把礼物带回来
Advanced 把 sentences specify WHAT RESULT the action produces (result complement) or WHERE the object ends up (directional complement).
Result Complement (结果补语): Shows the state the object reaches after the action. Common ones: 干净 (clean), 好 (well/done), 完 (finished), 对 (correct), 错 (wrong).
Directional Complement (趋向补语): Shows where the object moves to. Common ones: 放进…里 (put into), 拿出来 (take out), 带回来 (bring back).
宾语 Object
房间
动作 Action
打扫
结果 Result
干净
结果补语 · Result Complement Examples:
把 + B + V + 结果补语 = The action produces a specific result state.
Example: 把房间打扫干净 = clean the room (result: clean)

趋向补语 · Directional Complement Examples:
把 + B + V + 趋向补语 = The action moves the object to a new location.
Example: 把香蕉放进冰箱里 = put the bananas into the refrigerator
⚠️ Error Alert · 常见错误:结果补语缺失
把房间打扫了。(缺少结果补语"干净")
错误!"把"字句中动词后面必须有补语或其他成分,不能只有"了"。
把房间打扫干净了。
Correct! 干净 is the result complement showing the room is now clean. Structure: 把 + B + V + 结果补语 + 了.
香蕉放冰箱了。(缺少趋向补语"进…里")
错误!"放"后面需要趋向补语"进…里"来说明放到哪里。
香蕉放进冰箱里了。
Correct! 放进…里 is the directional complement showing the bananas moved INTO the refrigerator.

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1客人来之前,先把房间打扫干净,再去洗澡。
kè rén lái zhī qián , xiān bǎ fáng jiān dǎ sǎo gān jìng , zài qù xǐ zǎo 。
Before guests come, clean the room and take a shower.
2吃完饭把盘子洗干净,再把香蕉放进冰箱。
chī wán fàn bǎ pán zi xǐ gān jìng , zài bǎ xiāng jiāo fàng jìn bīng xiāng 。
After eating, wash the dishes and put the bananas in the refrigerator.
3把练习题做对,不要把答案写错。
bǎ liàn xí tí zuò duì , bú yào bǎ dá àn xiě cuò 。
Do the exercises correctly and don't write the answers wrong.
4想看书的时候,从书柜把书拿出来,坐在窗边慢慢看。
xiǎng kàn shū de shí hòu , cóng shū guì bǎ shū ná chū lái , zuò zài chuāng biān màn màn kàn 。
When you want to read, take out the book from the bookcase, sit by the window and read slowly.
5他把门打开了,让大家进来休息。
tā bǎ mén dǎ kāi le , ràng dà jiā jìn lái xiū xi 。
He opened the door and let everyone come in to rest.

Grammar Point 2 · 语法点二

多动作时序表达——"先……再/又……然后……"
Sequential Actions — "先…再/又…然后…" (First…Then…After That…)
未发生/计划(Future/Plan):先 + V1, + V2,然后 + V3
例:我们先看菜单点菜,然后吃饭。(还没发生)

已发生/叙事(Past/Narrative):先 + V1, + V2,然后 + V3
例:他今天先打扫了房间,盘子干净了,然后去洗澡。(已发生)

⚠️ 关键区别: = 还没发生(计划/将来); = 已经发生(过去/叙事)
Both 再 and 又 can appear in the "先…然后…" sequence, but they differ in TENSE:
先…再…然后…: Used for FUTURE plans or things NOT YET HAPPENED. 再 = "then next" (planned).
先…又…然后…: Used for PAST events or things ALREADY HAPPENED. 又 = "and then also" (completed).
Think of it this way: 再 looks forward (plan), 又 looks backward (report).
对比项目先…再…然后…(未发生/计划)先…又…然后…(已发生/叙事)
时态未发生 / 计划中
future / planned
已发生 / 过去叙事
past / completed
英文对应First…then (next)…after that…
再 = "then next" (planned)
First…then (also)…after that…
又 = "and then also" (done)
例句A我先洗澡盘子,然后去睡觉。
I'll first shower, then wash plates, then sleep. (plan)
我先洗澡了,洗了盘子,然后去睡觉了。
I first showered, then also washed plates, then slept. (done)
例句B先把房间打扫干净洗澡,然后等客人来。
First clean room, then shower, then wait for guests. (plan)
他先打扫了房间,盘子干净了,然后去洗澡了。
He first cleaned room, then also washed plates, then showered. (done)
常见搭配先…再…然后…
先…再…最后…
先…又…然后…
先…又…最后…

先…再…然后…(未发生/计划)Examples:
Use 再 when describing a PLAN or sequence that has NOT YET happened.

先…又…然后…(已发生/叙事)Examples:
Use 又 when REPORTING or NARRATING a sequence that HAS ALREADY happened.
⚠️ Error Alert · 常见错误:"再"与"又"的时态混淆
我今天先打扫了房间,盘子干净了。(已发生,不能用"再")
错误!"再"用于未发生的计划,不能用于已经发生的过去叙事。
我今天先打扫了房间,盘子干净了。
Correct! 又 is used for past/completed sequences. 再 is for future plans.
明天我先洗澡盘子然后去买菜。(未发生,不能用"又")
错误!"又"用于已经发生的叙事,不能用于将来的计划。
明天我先洗澡盘子然后去买菜。
Correct! 再 is used for future plans. 又 is for past completed actions.

修订例句 · Revised Examples

1待客计划:先打扫房间,再洗碗,然后准备水果和饮料。
dài kè jì huà : xiān dǎ sǎo fáng jiān , zài xǐ wǎn , rán hòu zhǔn bèi shuǐ guǒ hé yǐn liào 。
Hospitality plan: Clean the room first, then wash the dishes, and then prepare fruits and drinks.
2昨天做家务:我先打扫了卫生,又把盘子洗干净,然后把香蕉放进冰箱。
zuó tiān zuò jiā wù : wǒ xiān dǎ sǎo le wèi shēng , yòu bǎ pán zi xǐ gān jìng , rán hòu bǎ xiāng jiāo fàng jìn bīng xiāng 。
Yesterday I did housework: I cleaned first, washed the dishes, and then put the bananas in the refrigerator.
3外出吃饭:先看菜单,再点菜,然后坐着听服务员讲故事。
wài chū chī fàn : xiān kàn cài dān , zài diǎn cài , rán hòu zuò zhe tīng fú wù yuán jiǎng gù shì 。
When eating out: read the menu first, then order, then sit and listen to the waiter tell a story.
4晚上安排:先吃完饭,再看一会儿电视,然后出门看月亮。
wǎn shàng ān pái : xiān chī wán fàn , zài kàn yí huì er diàn shì , rán hòu chū mén kàn yuè liàng 。
Plan for the evening: Eat dinner first, watch TV for a while, and then go out to watch the moon.
5我先洗手,再吃饭,然后去写作业。
wǒ xiān xǐ shǒu , zài chī fàn , rán hòu qù xiě zuò yè 。
I wash my hands first, then eat, and then go do my homework.